Objective To explore the application effects of upper limb exercise program in PICC tube care of cancer patients. Methods A total of 367 cancer patients with PICC tube were divided into a control group (n=184) and an intervention group (n=183) chronologically.The control group was given routine care, while the intervention group additionally conducted upper limb exercise. Results The intervention effect, time effect and intervention × time effect were significant in the maximum blood flow velocity and average blood flow velocity of the axillary vein, and the incidence of venous thrombosis and catheter ectopic in the intervention group were significantly lower than those of the control group within 28 days after catheterization (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Conclusion Upper limb exercise is conducive to improving the axillary vein blood flow velocity and average blood flow velocity for cancer patients with PICC catheterization, and reducing the incidence of venous thrombosis and catheter ectopic.