Objective To establish a discharge preparation service model for liver transplantation patients, and to explore its effects in clinical practice. Methods According to historical controlled study design, 141 patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation from July 2015 to December 2016 were selected as the control group, who received routine nursing and discharge guidance, while 135 patients who received orthotopic liver transplantation from January 2017 to May 2018 were selected as the intervention group, who received nursing care at different perioperative stages pursuant to a discharge preparation service model, which was formed through the effort of a multidisciplinary team. Results The length of hospital stay and the readmission rate within 30 days in the intervention group were significantly shorter and lower than the control group (P<0.05,P<0.01). In the intervention group,the total caring ability scores of the family members measured at discharge were significantly higher than at admission（P＜0.01）. Conclusion The discharge preparation service model shortens the length of hospital stay of liver transplantation patients, reduces the readmission rate within 30 days, and improves the caring ability of family members.