Objective To explore the correlation between blood lipid levels and dietary habits, knowledge of blood lipid in HIV/AIDS patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), and to provide reference for formulating targeted nursing measures. Methods A total of 306 HIV/AIDS patients attending outpatient clinic were surveyed by using a self-designed questionnaire to collect their general information, dietary habits and blood lipid knowledge. Results The incidence of dyslipidemia was 40.52% and showed significant difference in patients had different dietary habits (P<0.01 for all). The knowledge of blood lipid was negatively correlated with the concentrations of total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol（P＜0.05 for all）. Conclusion Dyslipidemia is prevalent in HIV/AIDS patients receiving HAART, and it is closely related to dietary habits and knowledge of blood lipid.Nursing staff should provide targeted education for patients, encourage healthy dietary habits and enhance their knowledge of blood lipid, thus to ameliorate their blood lipid level.