Objective To explore the effect of diabetes specialty nursing quality control based on index guidance. Methods The diabetes specialty nursing quality evaluation index was established based on Donabedian three dimensions quality structure model and Deming continuous quality improvement theory, then the index was utilized to inspect and supervise 57 nursing units every quarter, 2 nurses in each unit were selected for theoretical and skill appraisal, the data were analyzed regularly and improved continuously, and the operation, instrument management and health education of diabetes specialty nursing in the whole hospital were standardized and unified.The diabetes specialty nursing quality index completion and standard reaching in the whole hospital before the intervention, 3 months, 6 months, 9 months, one year and two years after the intervention were compared. Results After the intervention, nurses′standard reaching rate in diabetes specialty skills, diabetes inpatients′awareness rate on using time and methods of hypoglycemic drus, the standard reaching rate of blood glucose meter management and liaison nurses′ completion and standard reaching rate in workbook increased step by step and significantly when compared with those before the intervention (P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusion Establishing diabetes specialty nursing quality control index, and forming the working model for diabetes specialty liaison nurses monitoring the quality of diabetes care in their departments,is conducive to controlling and enhancing nursing quality of diabetes specialty, promoting non-diabetes specialist nurses to improve their knowledge and skills of diabetes specialty,and increasing nursing quality.