Objective To describe and analyze the differences and fairness of community nursing human resources distribution in China, and to provide references for regional community nursing human resources planning. Methods According to the 2012 to 2016 data released by the National Bureau of Statistics, the agglomeration of community nurses, and population agglomeration in all the provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities in mainland China were calculated.Then the differences between agglomeration of community nurses and population agglomeration were derived. Results The number of registered community nurses in China has increased steadily from 2012-2016. The doctor-to-nurse ratio has been raised to 1:1.07, and the nurse-to-health-technicians ratio has been raised to 1:2.75.The agglomeration of community nurses was much higher than 1 in east China, slightly higher than 1 in central China, much less than 1 in west China. Over the 5 years, the agglomeration of community nurses in east and central China edged down, being all greater than 1,while the readings in west China inched up, ranging from 0.26 to 0.29. Conclusion The number of community nurses was insufficient in China.There were differences in the agglomeration of community nurses in east, central,and west China, and the fairness of population was superior to the geographical fairness. In community nursing human resource planning, we should strengthen the macro-control of human resources, promote reasonable flow of nursing talents, and ensure the balance of community nursing human resources across China.