Objective To understand the status quo of self-management of warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation, to explore the influencing factors, and to provide references for intervention measures for improvement of warfarin therapy self-management in the patients. Methods Totally, 221 patients with atrial fibrillation treated with oral warfarin anticoagulant therapy in the outpatient department of cardiology were selected and investigated with the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire, the Beliefs about Medicines Questionnaire and Oral Warfarin Self-management Scale. Results Patients with atrial fibrillation scored （31.93±5.51） points in warfarin therapy self-management,（52.56±9.63） points in disease perception, and a median of 0.50 points in medication belief. Warfarin therapy self-management scores had significant differences among patients living alone or not, taking various numbers of drugs, and having bleeding history or not （P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.Warfarin therapy self-management was positively correlated with illness perception and medication necessity belief, while negatively correlated with medication concerns belief （P＜0.05 for all）.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that, illness perception, medication necessity belief, and medication concerns belief were major predictors of warfarin therapy self-management（adjusted R2=0.882）. Conclusion Nursing staff should pay attention to self-management level of warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation, take active measures to improve patients′ di-sease perception level, and help them foster positive medication belief, so as to improve patients′ self-management ability of oral warfarin therapy.