Objective To enhance medication literacy of patients with hypertension. Methods Six community health care centers were equally randomized into two groups. The control group with 153 hypertensive patients received routine health care services, while the intervention group with 144 hypertensive patients were subjected to a medication literacy promotion program for 1 month. Results At the third month of followup after the intervention, the levels of blood pressure were significantly lower, whereas the scores of medication adherence, medication literacy and selfefficacy were significantly higher in the intervention group compared with the control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Implementation of the medication literacy promotion program for patients with hypertension can effectively improve their medication literacy, medication adherence, and selfefficacy, thus to achieve blood pressure control.