Objective To develop an evaluation index system for implementing enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) for hepatobiliary surgery. Methods Based on the zero defect management theory, literature review and expert consultation using the Delphi process were conducted to develop the index system. Results All questionnaires were returned by experts during two rounds of survey. The authority coefficient of experts was 0.920 at the first round and 0.919 at the second round. After two rounds of consultation, the index system was identified and included 3 firstlevel indexes, 8 secondlevel indexes, and 39 thirdlevel indexes, with the significance of indexes scoring >4 points and the coefficients of variation being 0-0.166. Weights of indexes were also determined. Conclusion The index system is reasonably developed and has satisfactory credibility, so it can be used to assess ERAS quality for hepatobiliary surgery after validation.