Objective To understand the volume management behavior of maintenance hemodialysis （MHD） patients and its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for implementing nursing intervention to improve patients′ volume management behavior. Methods Total 212 MHD patients were investigated using Volume Management Behavior Questionnaire (VMBQ) for MHD patients. Results The total VMBQ score in MHD patients was （18.07±4.50）, the dietary management dimension score was （5.53±1.95）, and the dimension score of hemodialysis related indicators and complications monitoring was （12.54±3.47）. There were significant differences in VMBQ scores in patients with different educational background, years of dialysis and with varied levels of annual total medical expenses （P＜0.05,P＜0.01）. Conclusion The volume management behavior of MHD patients is at a low to medium level, and the educational background, dialysis years and annual total medical expenses are influencing factors of volume management behavior, thus it is necessary to conduct targeted health education to improve patients′ volume management ability.