基于工作分析法构建临床护理管理岗位能力标准的研究
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女,博士在读,主任护师,硕士生导师

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上海交通大学医学院科技基金项目(Jyh1417)


Development of competency standards required of clinical nursing managers based on DACUM
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    目的 确立临床护理管理岗位的职责任务(即输出能力标准),并初步确定培训的优先排序。方法 使用工作分析方法(DevelopingACurriculum,DACUM),包括前期准备以确立DACUM“原型”;通过DACUM 工作坊研讨确定职责/任务领域且形成任务 清单,以“重要性”进行现场排序,1周后再根据“FIDES”(F“频度”、I“重要性”、D“难度”、E“需要经验的程度”、S“标准化要求的程 度”)进行问卷调研,并结合比对现场排序,对任务进行汇总及排序,将 F×I的“重要性”维度作为横坐标,D×E×S的“培育度”维 度作为纵坐标,划分四象限,定位任务条目的培训优先顺序。结果 形成7大职责/任务领域,共包含98项条目的任务清单,包括 临床实践17项(17.3%)、患儿代言10项(10.2%)、系统分析/风险预测/效果管理22项(22.4%)、教育19项(19.4%)、信息管理 11项(11.2%)、团队管理10项(10.2%)、专业发展9项(9.2%)。现场排序和问卷调研,“教育”职责/任务领域只有31.6%匹配 度,其余领域匹配度90.0%~100%。任务条目的象限定位显示重要难培育33项(33.7%)、重要易培育15项(15.3%)、次重要难 培育21项(21.4%)、次重要易培育29项(29.6%)。结论 DACUM 工作分析法能详实捕获系统化和与时俱进的岗位职责任务, 形成胜任力培训关键的输出能力标准,初步确立培训优先顺序,并为下一步制定胜任力培训/评价的实质性输入能力标准以及未 来的绩效评价标准打下基础。

    Abstract:

    Objective To establish job responsibilities (output competency standards) of the clinical nursing managers, and to initially determine the priority of training for them. Methods A DACUM (Developing A Curriculum) method was used establish job responsibilities (output competency standards) of the clinical nursing managers:preliminary preparation was made to establish DACUM "prototype"; through DACUM workshops, researchers determined responsibilities/task areas and task list sorted by "importance"; a week later, a questionnaire was used to sort the tasks according to FIDES ("frequency", "importance", "difficulty", "expe-rience", "standardization") method, then researchers pooled up and confirmed the order of all the tasks; researchers divided the four quadrants by using the "importance" dimension of F×I as the abscissa axis, the "cultivation degree" dimension of D×E×S as the ordinate axis, and formed the training priorities of each task. Results A total of 98 tasks were established, totaling 7 responsibi-lities/task domains, including 17 tasks (17.3%) in clinical practice domain, 10 tasks (10.2%) in endorsements domain, and 22 tasks (22.4%) in systematic analysis/risk prediction/effect management domain, 19 tasks (19.4%) in education domain, 11 tasks (11.2%) in information management domain, 10 tasks (10.2%) in team management domain, 9 tasks (9.2%) in professional developments domain.Between on-site sorting and questionnaire sorting, there was 90.0% to 100% degree of match in domains except for education domain, which was only 31.6% degree of match.The quadrant analysis showed that 33 tasks (33.7%) were important and difficult to cultivate , 15 tasks(15.3%) were important and easy to cultivate, 21 tasks (21.4%) were secondary important and difficult to cultivate , 29 tasks (29.6%) were secondary important and easy to cultivate. Conclusion The DACUM method could capture systemic and up-to-date job responsibilities in details, form key output competency standards(tasks) for competency training, and initially determine the training priorities of the tasks.The study lays the foundation of input competency standards for training/evaluation of clinical nursing managers and performance evaluation criteria in the future.

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沈南平,汤晓丽,孙霁雯,杨江兰.基于工作分析法构建临床护理管理岗位能力标准的研究[J].护理学杂志,2019,34(3):63-68

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  • 收稿日期:2018-08-31
  • 最后修改日期:2018-10-13
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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-09