Objective To improve environmental health literacy levels among undergraduate nursing students through environmental health literacy education.Methods Sixty-one junior nursing students were recruited from a nursing school as research participants, then a cluster randomization method was used to divided them into an experimental group （30 students） and a control group （31 students） according to their classes.The control group engaged in self-directed online learning of environmental health-related knowledge via the "Rain Classroom" platform, following standard teaching protocols.The experimental group received environmental health literacy education through online pre-study combined with face-to-face group lectures once a week, lasting six conse-cutive weeks.The teaching effect was evaluated before the teaching, immediately after the teaching, and one month after the tea-ching.Results Twenty-seven students in the experimental group and 29 students in the control group completed the whole teaching process.The environmental health literacy scores and environmental risk perception scores between the two groups were compared, the group effects, time effects, and group × time interaction effects were statistically significant （all P＜0.05）.And the experimental group scored significantly higher than the control group both immediately after the teaching and one month later （both P＜0.05）.Conclusion Environmental health literacy education can enhance nursing students′ environmental health literacy and environmental risk perception ability, thereby improving their ability to provide environmental health guidance to the public.