Objective To explore the trend of post-traumatic stress disorder （PTSD） status in children receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）, to analyze the influencing factors, and to provide a reference for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 148 children who were to receive HSCT were selected and surveyed with the PTSD CheckList-Civilian Version （PCL-C） for 4 waves:1-2 days before entering the room with laminar air flow （T1）, 2-3 weeks after HSCT （T2）, and 3 months after HSCT （T3）.The influencing factors of PTSD status were probed. Results The rate of PTSD among children receiving HSCT was 12.8%, 69.6%, and 10.1% at T1, T2 and T3, respectively.Age had a significant effect on PTSD score at T1 and T3, and caregiver child- relationship had a significant effect on PTSD score at T2 （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion Children′s PTSD level was in dynamical change during transplantation.Nursing staff should pay attention to the psychological care of older children and those who were tended to by their mother.