Objective To explore the status and influencing factors of medical risk perception of cervical cancer patients, so as to provide a reference for the development of targeted nursing interventions. Methods A total of 231 patients with cervical cancer were selected by the convenience sampling method. Then they were investigated by using a general information questionnaire, the Medical Risk Perception Questionnaire, the Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and the Wake Forest Physician Trust Scale. Results The total medical risk perception score of cervical cancer patients was (42.94±6.19), which was negatively correlated with the doctor-patient trust score, benevolence score, medical technology score, and positive emotion , while which had a positive correlation with negative emotion (all P<0.05). Multiple linear regression analysis disclosed that age, monthly household income, benevolence, medical technology and negative emotion were all the influencing factors of medical risk perception of cervical cancer patients (all P<0.05). Conclusion The level of medical risk perception of cervical cancer patients is moderately high. Medical staff should focus on assessing the level of patients′ medical risk perception, pay more attention to young and low-income patients, increase the trust between doctor and patient as well as keep a watchful eye on and alleviate patients′ negative emotions to reduce the medical risk perception.