Objective To investigate the risk factors for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infections (CRBSIs) in intensive care unit (ICU) patients receiving parenteral nutrition (PN) and to provide reference for targeted interventions. Methods A total of 987 ICU patients receiving PN via central venous catheter were divided into a modeling group (n=708) and a validation group (n=279), and risk factors were identified through univariate and multivariate analysis for development of a prediction model. Results CRBSIs were observed in 85 patients (12.01%) in the modeling group, with Gram-positive bacteria being the predominant pathogens (accounting for 53.98%). A risk prediction model was constructed by selecting six influencing factors:APACHE Ⅱ score, highest temperature at extubation, serum albumin level, use of glutamine-supplemented PN, duration of catheterization, and PN duration (all P<0.05). The predictive curve demonstrated good consistency with the observed curve, and the area under the ROC curve was 0.816 and 0.847 for the modeling group and validation group, respectively. Conclusion The model can better predict the risk of CRBSIs in ICU patients receiving PN, and can provide a reference for preventive management.