Objective To investigate oral frailty risk and the influencing factors among the community dwelling elderly, aiming to provide references for developing preventive and intervention measures for oral frailty in the elderly population. MethodsA total of 223 elderly people from 5 communities in Luzhou City were investigated by using a self designed general data questionnaire, the Oral Frailty Index 8, the Eating Assessment Tool 10 (EAT 10), the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNS SF) and the Geriatric Self Efficacy scale for Oral Health (GSEOH). ResultsAmong the community dwelling elderly participants, 132(59.2%) were identified at high risk for oral frailty. The oral frailty risk grade was positively correlated with the EAT 10 score and negatively correlated with the MNA SF score (both P<0.05). Ordinal logistic regression analysis revealed that age, personal monthly income, smoking, and oral health related self efficacy were the main influencing factors of oral frailty risk in the community dwelling elderly (all P<0.05). ConclusionThe oral frailty risk in community dwelling elderly population is high, and the oral frailty risk is related to the severity of swallowing difficulties and nutritional status. It is essential to pay attention to individuals with advanced age, low monthly income, smoking habits, and low oral health related self efficacy, and implement targeted intervention measures to reduce the risk of oral frailty in the elderly.