Objective To develop the Parental Role Adaptation （PRA） Scale in parents with preterm infants after their children′s discharge and test its psychometric properties. Methods Guided by the WHO parenting care framework, the scale was developed through literature review, qualitative interviews and two rounds of expert letter consultation.A questionnaire survey was conducted with 380 parents of preterm infants selected using convenient sampling method.Item analysis method was used to screen items and form a formal scale.Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were employed to test the validity of the scale.Cronbach′s α coefficient and split-half reliability were calculated to evaluate the reliability of the scale. Results Exploratory factor analysis extracted 7 common factors with a total of 28 items, and the cumulative variance contribution rate was 71.559%.The results of confirmatory factor analysis showed that χ2/df=1.882, GFI=0.820, CFI=0.912, IFI=0.914, TLI=0.899, RMSEA=0.067.The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the total scale was 0.935, and the split-half reliability was 0.822.The item-level content validity index of the scale ranged from 0.923 to 1.000, and the scale-level content validity index was 0.977. Conclusion The PRA scale for parents of preterm infants after discharge exhibits good reliability and validity, which can be used as an assessment tool for the role adaptation level of parents with preterm infants after discharge.