Objective To investigate the symptoms of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) in breast cancer patients and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide reference for formulating nursing intervention programs. Methods From April to November 2022, a total of 401 breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy in 8 tertiary A hospitals in China were enrolled by the convenient sampling method.The general information questionnaire, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy/Gynaecologic Oncology Group-Neurotoxicity, Cancer Fatigue Scale, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale were applied to conduct the investigation.Univariate analysis and multiple linear regression were employed to analyze the influencing factors of CIPN. Results The incidence of CIPN symptoms in breast cancer patients was 77.6%, with motor system symptoms being the most common.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the use of nab-paclitaxel, number of chemotherapy sessions, depression and fatigue, and daily exercise frequency were the main influencing factors for CIPN (all P＜0.05). Conclusion The incidence of CIPN in breast cancer patients is high and affected by various factors.Clinical medical staff should actively pay attention to the incidence of CIPN in patients receiving nab-paclitaxel treatment and multiple sessions of chemotherapy.Additionally, they can implement interventions to reduce the incidence of CIPN by addressing symptoms of depression and fatigue, as well as encouraging regular exercise during chemotherapy.