Objective To investigate the status of self-awareness regarding falls among hospitalized elderly patients and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for formulating targeted fall prevention measures. Methods A total of 782 elderly inpatients were selected using convenience sampling method and investigated with the general information questionnaire, Morse Fall Scale, Barthel Index and Self-awareness of Falls in Elderly Scale. Results A total of 695 valid questionnaires were collected, and the score of the self-awareness regarding falls among hospitalized elderly patients was (62.67±12.34).The results of multiple linear regression showed that self-care ability, fear of falling, and awareness of medication that may increase fall risk during treatment were influencing factors （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion The elderly inpatients have a high level self-awareness regarding falls. Nursing staff should provide personalized health education and safety guidance to prevent falls based on patients′ awareness of falls and the factors that influence it.