Objective To translate the Nutrition Self-efficacy Questionnaire into Chinese and evaluate its psychometric properties in elderly patients with chronic eye disease. Methods The original Nutritional Self-efficacy Questionnaire was translated into Chinese version through the procedure of double back translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and pre-test using the Brislin model. A total of 275 elderly patients with chronic eye disease were recruited to evaluate their nutritional self-efficacy, and the data were analyzed using the Rasch model. Results The Nutritional Self-efficacy Questionnaire demonstrated good unidimensionality in all three dimensions, and good fit between the items and the dimensions. The Infit MNSQ and Outfit MNSQ of each item were between 0.79 and 1.31. The threshold of some adjacent two options was less than 1.4 logit. The DIF analysis of patients with different characteristic subgroups showed that the absolute value of the difference value was less than 1 logit. The item difficulty of the questionnaire was compatible with patients with an average ability level. The reliability of each dimension was 0.99, and the individual reliability was greater than 0.80. The separation index was greater than 2. Conclusion The Nutritional Self-efficacy Questionnaire has good reliability and validity and is suitable for the assessment the nutritional self-efficacy of the elderly. However, the overall difficulty of the questionnaire is not suitable for all the elderly patients with different ability ranges. In future research, higher and lower difficulty items can be added, and the difficulty intervals between items can be adjusted.