Objective To develop a scale measuring influence factors of exercise rehabilitation adherence in patients with chronic heart failure, and provide a scientific and appropriate tool for quickly and conveniently assessing the factors influencing exercise rehabilitation adherence in heart failure patients. Methods Guided by the Capacity, Opportunity, Motivation-Behavior (COM-B) model, an initial entry pool was formed through literature review and qualitative research. A clinical test version of the scale was formed based on a small sample pre-survey and Delphi expert consultation. In the first phase, 284 patients with stable chronic heart failure were investigated, items of the scale were screened and exploratory factor analysis was conducted to form the formal scale. In the second stage, 274 patients were investigated, and confirmatory factor analysis and reliability and validity analysis were carried out on the formal version of the scale to form the final version of the scale. Results The formal scale includes 24 items in 6 dimensions. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that the 6 factors could explain 72.307% of the total variance, the difficulty of each item was reasonable, and no reverse threshold was found. The item differentiation, item information, and item characteristic curve were all good. The total Cronbach′s alpha coefficient of the scale was 0.916, and the test-retest reliability was 0.911. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the model fitted well. Conclusion The item difficulty and discrimination of the developed scale were reasonable, and the item information was good. At the same time, it had high reliability and validity and can be used as the tool for assessing factors exercise rehabilitation adherence in patients with chronic heart failure.