Objective To investigate the prevalence and associated factors of frailty among urban and rural older adults in Zhejiang Province, and to provide reference for targeted intervention. Methods Totally, 482 urban and 719 rural elderly people in Zhejiang Province were recruited by multi-stage random sampling. They were asked to fill out a self-designed sociodemographic questionnaire,the Chinese version of the Tilburg Frailty Indicator (TFI) and Barthel Index, and the influencing factors were analyzed. Results The score and prevalence of frailty among the urban elderly were significantly lower than their counterparts(both P<0.05). The results of logistic analysis showed that marital status, regularity of meals, relations with descendant, and ability to perform activities of daily living were factors affecting frailty among the urban elderly (all P<0.05). Living style, monthly household income per person, regularity of meals, sleep quality, chronic diseases, self-rated health status, and ability to perform activities of daily living were predictors of frailty among rural elderly population (all P<0.05). Conclusion The prevalence of frailty among the elderly is relatively high in Zhejiang Province, with a higher frailty level in the rural elderly. It is suggested that specific interventions should be formulated based on different frailty level and influencing factors in urban and rural elderly population, thus to avoid or delay frailty.