Objective To systematically analyze empirical research regrading postoperative management of swallowing function in esophageal cancer patients, to identify the assessment and intervention methods, and to provide reference for clinical practice. Methods A literature search was performed in electronic databases, including Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL, CNKI, Wanfang Data, VIP and SinoMed.The included studies were summarized and analyzed following the framework of scoping review. Results A total of 21 studies met the inclusion criteria.The methods for evaluation of swallowing function after esophageal cancer surgery included videofluoroscopic techniques, repetitive saliva swallowing test, fiberoptic endoscopic evaluation of swallowing, functional dysphagia scale, Water swallow test, and standardized swallowing assessment.The assessment started 1 week after surgery.Interventions included direct training, indirect training, postural adjustment, cold stimulation, and acupoint stimulation, from postoperative week 1 to discharge. Conclusion There are various methods for swallowing function assessment after esophageal cancer surgery, and it is recommended to select suitable assessment tools, formulate management strategies based on the assessment results, and strengthen rehabilitation exercise, thus to improve patients′ swallowing function and clinical outcomes.