Objective To explore the status and correlates of sedentary behavior in elderly patients on maintenance hemodialysis （MHD）, and to provide a reference for formulating targeted interventions. Methods A total of 137 elderly MHD patients were selected using convenience sampling method and completed a series of questionnaires, including a demographic data questionnaire, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, Piper Revised Fatigue Scale, and Perceived Social Support Scale. Results The total median time spent sedentary was 6.8 h/day ［interquartile range (IQR) 5.4-8.7)］.The median sedentary time was 7.7 h/day (IQR 6.8-9.2) on dialysis days and 6.2 h/day (IQR 4.9-8.4) on non-dialysis days.The incidence of sedentary behavior was 56.93% （78/137）.Participants were likely to spend more time sedentary at home, followed by the hospital.Multivariate logistic regression showed that gender, Charlson comorbidity index score, nutritional risk, fatigue and social support were predictors of sedentary behavior in elderly MHD patients （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion Sedentary behavior is prevalent in elderly MHD patients.Medical personnel should pay more attention to men and those with high Charlson comorbidity index score, malnutrition and severe fatigue, formulate family-centered exercise regimen, and encourage patients to participate in social activity and physical activity, thus to reduce sedentary behavior of patients.