Objective To investigate the preventive behavior of occupational low back pain in junior nurses, and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide a reference for developing targeted intervention. Methods A total of 446 junior nurses were investigated by using a general information questionnaire, the Nurses′ Prevention of Occupational Low Back Pain Scale, the Turnover Intention Scale and the Occupational Fatigue Exhaustion Recovery Scale. Results The participants′ total score of preventive behavior for occupational low back pain was （92.31±17.11）.Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that, turnover intention, occupational fatigue exhaustion recovery （acute fatigue, chronic fatigue, recovery between shifts） and educational background were the influencing factors of occupational low back pain prevention behavior in junior nurses （all P＜0.05）. Conclusion The preventive behavior of occupational low back pain in junior nurses is at a medium level, nursing managers should take effective intervention measures according to the influencing factor, so as to improve their preventive and protective behavior level.