Objective To investigate the dynamic changes of self-regulatory fatigue and quality of life(QOL) in patients at different stages of peritoneal dialysis (PD) therapy, and to analyze the correlation between the 2 variables. Methods A total of 150 patients on PD therapy were selected by convenience sampling method. They were surveyed 4 waves (namely at 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after cannulization for PD) with a self-designed patient demographic data questionnaire, the Self-regulatory Fatigue Scale and the Kidney Disease Special Quality of Life Questionnaire. Results QOL scores of the patients were slightly below medium level and gradually trending down over time, while self-regulatory fatigue scores were slightly above medium level and gradually trending up. There was a negative correlation between self-regulatory fatigue and quality of life 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after cannulization (all P<0.05). Conclusion Self-regulatory fatigue and QOL of patients on PD therapy showed dynamic changes. The lower the level of self-regulatory fatigue, the better the QOL. Medical staff should pay attention to patients′ self-regulatory fatigue levels at different stages, implement personalized intervention and guidance, reduce the loss of self-control resources, in an attempt to improve QOL of patients.