Objective To investigate the status quo of nurses′ sense of chaxu atmosphere and work alienation, and to explore the effect of chaxu atmosphere on work alienation. Methods A total of 842 nurses from 3 3A hospitals in Urumqi were selected by convenience sampling. Demographic data questionnaire, Chaxu Atmosphere Scale and Work Alienation Scale were used for survey. Results The total score of chaxu atmosphere perceived by the nurses was (27.44±4.79), positively correlated with the total score of work alienation, which was (33.12±3.34) (r=0.317, P<0.05). The results of hierarchical regression analysis showed that sense of chaxu atmosphere was an important predictor of work alienation. It could independently explained 16.7% of the variance in nurses′ sense of job alienation. Conclusion Chaxu atmosphere and work alienation perceived by the nurses were at medium level. The higher the sense of chaxu atmosphere, the higher the sense of work alienation. Nursing managers should create a fair and just managerial atmosphere, in an effort to reduce nurses′ work alienation.