Objective To investigate longitudinally the types and dynamic changes of symptom clusters in chemotherapy patients after breast cancer surgery. Methods By the convenience sampling method, 164 chemotherapy patients after breast cancer surgery were surveyed by using the general demographic data questionnaire, the disease data questionnaire, the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale before chemotherapy (T1,n=200), after the first chemotherapy (T2,n=179), and after the third chemotherapy (T3,n=164). Results The number of symptoms at different time points in breast cancer patients on chemotherapy varied significantly （P<0.05）. Symptom counts with an incidence rate greater than 20% were 9 at T1, 24 at T2, and 26 at T3. Respectively,3,6,and 6 symptom clusters were extracted from T1 through T3. Psychological symptom cluster, self-image disorder cluster and hormone-related symptom cluster persisted at all time points, while gastrointestinal symptom cluster, appetite-related symptom cluster and cognitive symptom cluster persisted at T2 and T3. Conclusion There are multiple symptom clusters in chemotherapy patients after breast cancer surgery, and the core symptoms of the symptom clusters are relatively stable over time. It is suggested that medical staff should pay attention to the dynamic changes of patients′ symptom clusters, and take more targeted intervention measures, in a bid to reduce symptom burdens of chemotherapy patients after breast cancer surgery.