Objective To identify the questions based on social choice theory addressed by patient version guideline on non-pharmacological management of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). Methods A list of health questions was drafted through literature analysis and individual in-depth interview. Guided by social choice theory, importance of the health questions were scored by patients through a questionnaire survey. Then the Copeland social choice function was used to select a dozen health questions. Results A total of 163 publications were included, and a total of 37 questions related to non-pharmaceutical management of GDM were drafted. A list of 29 questions were identified through interviews with 26 GDM pregnant women and 12 professionals. All the questions were ranked according to the Copeland evaluation value, and finally, 20 questions were selected as the priority to be answered in the patient version guideline. Conclusion Based on social choice theory, as well as literature analysis and individual in-depth interview, the health questions prioritized to be answered in patient version guideline on non-pharmacological management of GDM, can be identified from the Copeland function.