Objective To explore the multiple mediating roles of humanization nursing ability and job-esteem on nurses′ decent work perception and felt obligation. Methods A total of 582 nurses were investigated by a general information questionnaire, the Felt Obligation Scale, the Job-Esteem Scale, the Healthcare Professional Humanization Scale for Nursing and the Decent Work Perception scale.And the chain-mediation model was constructed and validated. Results The total score of nurses′ felt obligation, job-esteem, humanization nursing ability and decent work perception was (24.17±4.04),(101.04±14.54),(69.05±10.04), and (52.26±9.64) respectively.Nurses′ felt obligation was positively correlated with job-esteem, humanization nursing ability and decent work perception (P＜0.05 for all).The total indirect effect of decent work perception on felt obligation was 0.295, in which the specific mediating effect of humanization nursing ability and job-esteem respectively accounted for 54.58% and 22.03%, and the chain mediating effect of them accounted for 23.39%. Conclusion Nurses′ perception of felt obligation is at a medium and above level.There are multiple mediating effects of humanization nursing ability and job-esteem on the relationship between nurses′ decent work perception and felt obligation. Nursing managers should pay attention to nurses with weak decent work perception, strengthen their humanization nursing ability, enhance their job-esteem, and further improve their felt obligation.