Objective To translate the English Version of Rushton Moral Resilience Scale (RMRS) into Chinese, and to verify its reliability and validity in health care professionals, so as to provide a valid tool for measuring their moral resilience. Methods A Chinese version of the RMRS was formed using the Brislin model of translation, back translation, cross-cultural adaptation and pretesting. Then the Chinese version of RMRS, the MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-SS) and Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC) were used to survey 372 health care professional workers, to analyse reliability and validity of the Chinese version RMRS. Results The Chinese version RMRS consisted of 16 items in four dimensions:moral adversity coping, moral efficacy, relational integrity and personal integrity.The content validity index of each item was 0.820-1.000, and the content validity index of the scale was 0.901; the correlation coefficient between the score of RMRS and MBI-SS, CD-RISC was -0.307 and 0.560 (P＜0.05 for both) respectively.The contribution rate of cumulative variance was 64.293% by exploratory factor analysis, and the confirmatory factor analysis model fitted well (χ2/df=2.067,RMSEA=0.076).The Cronbach′s α coefficient of the scale was 0.763, and it ranged from 0.523 to 0.842 for each dimension. Conclusion The Chinese version RMRS displays good reliability and validity, and it can be used as a tool to assess moral resilience of health care professionals.