Objective To explore the effect of role simulation training on improving humanistic literacy of junior pediatric nurses. Methods Fifty-nine pediatric nurses with less than 3 years of experience were randomized into a control group (n=29) and an intervention group (n=30).The control group received humanistic care and communication training according to annual routine training plan, while the intervention group additionally received 8 times role simulation training lasting 2 months.Before and after the training, the Caring Ability Inventory (CAI) and Nurses′ Clinic Communication Competency Scale (NCCCS) were used to evaluate the training effect. Results After the training, the total score of CAI and NCCCS in the intervention group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P＜0.05 for all). Conclusion Role simulation training for junior pediatric nurses can effectively improve their humanistic care ability and clinical communication ability.