Objective To understand the prevalence and associated factors of self-neglect among home-based older adults in Wuhan, and to provide reference for prevention and monitoring. Methods A total of 436 home-based older people in Wuhan were surveyed using the Scale of the Elderly Self-neglect, Pain Numerical Rating Scale, Activities of Daily Living scale, and the family APGAR. Results More than twenty-five percent （25.46%） of the sample reported self-neglect and social interaction self-neglect was most prevalent (44.95%).Regression analysis showed that activities of daily living, family function, pain, monthly income, visiting frequency of children were predictors of self-neglect （P＜0.05 for all）. Conclusion Home-based elderly people are prone to self-neglect. Attention should be paid to those with low income, those having impairments in daily living and chronic pain, those experiencing low family function, and those living alone or ′empty nest′.