Objective To investigate the level and determinants of self-directed learning ability of trainees in the ′training of nurse specialists for the operating room service′ in Sichuan province. Methods Using convenience sampling method, 343 trainees were surveyed in terms of their self-directed learning ability. Results The total score of self-directed learning ability was (113.39±18.26). Multiple linear regression analysis showed that marital status, the highest educational background, average monthly salary, attending the training of nurse specialist and the number of times of attending continuing education or communication program were the main influencing factors of self-directed learning ability of trainees (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Conclusion The overall level of self-direc-ted learning ability of trainees in the ′training of nurse specialists for the operating room service′ is general.Nursing managers should encourage nurses to improve their educational level and actively participate in the nurse specialist training programs nurses of specialist.The person in charge of the training base should innovate training mode and take measures to enhance self-directed learning ability of the trainees.