Objective To explore the effects of dyadic coping intervention on psychological capital and cancer-related communication problems in breast cancer patients and their spouses. Methods Breast cancer patients were selected and evenly divided into 2 groups of 48 cases each according to either of the 2 periods they were hospitalized. The control group received routine nursing care, while the intervention group was additionally subjected to dyadic coping intervention. Before and after 16 weeks, the 2 groups were evaluated with the Positive Psychological Capital Questionnaire, the Cancer-related Communication Problems Scale, and the Dyadic Coping Inventory. Results After intervention, the scores of psychological capital, and dyadic coping were significantly higher ,while the scores of cancer-related communication problems were significantly lower, in the intervention group than in the control group（P<0.01 for all）. Conclusion The dyadic coping model can improve psychological capital and dyadic coping level of breast cancer patients, and mitigate the disease communication problems lying between patients and their spouse.