Objective To investigate atrial fibrillation patients′ life mastery during blanking period after radiofrequency ablation (RFCA) and to analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 204 patients with atrial fibrillation during blanking period after RFCA were surveyed with a demographic questionnaire, the Personal Mastery Scale (PMS), the Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire （BIPQ） and the Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS). Results The patients scored (20.75±5.86) points in life mastery,（52.50±12.42） points in illness perception, and （65.58±9.90） points in perceived social support. Multiple regression analysis showed that patients′ education levels, monthly family income, course of atrial fibrillation, numbers of comorbidities, illness perception and social support contributed to influence life mastery levels in atrial fibrillation patients during blanking period after RFCA (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Conclusion Patients with atrial fibrillation had poor life mastery during blanking period after RFCA.More attention should be paid to patients with lower education levels, lower income, shorter course of atrial fibrillation and those with more comorbidities. Clinical workers should guide patients to change their negative emotions and correctly understand the di-sease by delivering individualized health education, so as to improve patients′ life mastery level, as well as their quality of life.