Objective To understand the level and factors affecting workplace deviance behavior among nurses, and to provide reference for targeted intervention. Methods A total of 598 nurses were surveyed by utilizing the Nurses′ Work Deviance Behavior Scale, Job Burnout Scale, and Practice Environment Scale of the Nursing Work Index. Results The total score of workplace deviance behavior was 1.29±0.42, which was negatively correlated with nursing work environment, but positively correlated with job burnout (P<0.01 for both). Multiple linear regression showed that gender, relationship with colleagues, job title, and depersonalization were influencing factors of workplace deviance behavior (P<0.05,P<0.01). Conclusion Nurses reported low level of workplace deviance behavior. Nursing managers should improve nursing practice environment and alleviate nurses′ job burnout, thus to prevent workplace deviance behavior and enhance quality of nursing.