Objective To construct the nursing safety ecosphere of inpatients and identify their weights, so as to provide reference for improving implementation of inpatients′ safety objective. Methods The literature review method and Delphi method were used to construct the nursing safety ecosphere, and the weights of each index were calculated using the analytic hierarchy analysis, then their logical consistency was tested. Results The final inpatients′ nursing safety ecosphere was consisted of 5 first-level indicators, which were personnel quality and capability (weight was 0.3611), instruments and equipment (weight was 0.1801), medicine and medical device management (weight was 0.1274), organizational management (weight was 0.2357) and organizational environment (weight was 0.0957) ,15 second-level indicators and 62 third-level indicators. The single ranking and overall ranking consistency ratio (CR) of all levels of indicators were P＜0.10. Conclusion The constructed inpatients′ nursing safety ecosphere is comprehensive and systematic, which can effectively guide nurses′ clinical practice, enhance nursing quality and maintain patient safety.