Objective To develop the Gout Treatment Adherence Scale and test its reliability and validity, so as to provide a reliable tool assessing treatment adherence for gout patients. Methods The preliminary Gout Treatment Adherence Scale was formed through literature review and expert consultation, then it was used to investigate 193 gout outpatients from a 3A hospital, and the item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were conducted to examine its reliability and validity and eventually formed the final scale. Results The final scale consisted of 4 dimensions (medication adherence, diet adherence, exercise and warm-keeping adherence, and smoking cessation and alcohol restriction adherence) and 14 items, its Cronbach′s α coefficient was 0.863, test-retest reliability was 0.820, the content validity index of the scale was 0.944, and the four factors of the scale explained 70.390% of the total variance. Conclusion The Gout Treatment Adherence Scale has good reliability and validity, so it can be used to assess treatment adherence for gout patients.