Objective To explore the effects of multimodal supervised vascular rehabilitation exercise on the mobility and treatment compliance in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans. Methods A total of 155 inpatients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans were randomized into a control group (n=78) and an intervention group (n=77). The control group received routine nursing, while the intervention group additionally received multimodal supervised vascular rehabilitation exercise training at home lasting 6 months. The 6-minute walking distance (6MWD), limping distance, number of stands in 30 seconds chair stand test and exercise compliance at 3 and 6 months after discharge were compared between the two groups. Results After discharge, the group effect, time effect and group by time effect of 6MWD, limping distance and number of stands in 30 s chair stand test when compared in the two groups were all P＜0.01, and the exercise compliance of the intervention group were significantly higher than those of the control group at 3 and 6 months after discharge (P＜0.01 for both). Conclusion The multimodal supervised vascular rehabilitation exercise can effectively improve the walking ability and exercise endurance in patients with lower extremity arteriosclerosis obliterans, enhance their exercise compliance, and then increase their vascular rehabilitation effect.