Objective To investigate the level and factors associated with oral health literacy in stroke patients and to provide reference for the development of individualized intervention program. Methods Totally 199 stroke patients were investigated by using demographic data and disease-related assessment questionnaire, Oral Health Literacy Scale of Stroke Patients, Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Results The total score of oral health literacy in stroke patients was (82.24±5.90), which was negatively correlated with the OHIP-14 score and HAMD score (P<0.01 for both). Education background, place of residence, perceived social support, nutritional status, marital status, medical payment, economic source, swallow function, the number of chronic diseases, perceived financial burden, nervous system function, perceived burden, and the main attendants were the influencing factors of oral health literacy (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion Oral health literacy of stroke patients needs to be improved, and is affected by several factors. Medical staff should take targeted measures to enhance oral health literacy of stroke patients.