Objective To investigate the influencing factors of knowledge hiding behavior and innovation ability of nurses and the relationship between the 2 variables, and to provide references for measures aiming at improving nurses′ knowledge hiding behavior and innovative ability. Methods A total 220 nurses were enrolled by convenient sampling method. The general information questionnaire, Knowledge Hiding Behavior Scale and Innovative Behavior Scale were used to survey the nurses. Results The nurses scored （21.88±9.29） points in knowledge hiding behavior, with the dimensions in descending order being rationalized hiding, playing dumb, and evasive hiding.They scored (3.61±0.55） points in innovative behavior, with the dimensions in descending order being innovative process, innovative environment and pressure, innovative subjects, and innovative products. Nurses′ knowledge hiding behavior scores varied significantly by educational levels, marital status, positions in the unit, roles in the team and whether having the opportunity to pursuit innovative learning （P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.Nurses′ innovative behavior varied significantly by genders, years of service, marital status, positions in the unit, roles in the team, whether having the opportunity to pursuit innovative learning, and whether being a nurse specialist or not （P＜0.05,P＜0.01）.A negative correlation was found between knowledge hiding behavior and innovation ability （P＜0.05）. Conclusion Nurses had moderate level of knowledge hiding behavior and innovation ability, which were negatively correlated. Nursing administrators can reduce the knowledge hiding behavior of nurses by creating a good atmosphere, increasing learning opportunities,etc., in an effort to stimulate nurses′ innovative behavior.