Objective To understand the implementation intentions level on rehabilitation exercise behavior and its influencing factors among patients with first stroke, so as to provide reference for the intervention of rehabilitation exercise behavior in stroke patients. Methods A total of 177 first stroke patients were investigated using the general information questionnaire, the stroke self-efficacy questionnaire, the social support scale, and the self-designed rehabilitation exercise behavior implementation intentions questionnaire. Results The score of rehabilitation exercise behavior implementation intentions among patients with first stroke was (62.69±17.27). Regression analysis results showed that, personal monthly income, self-efficacy and social support were the influencing factors of implementation intentions on rehabilitation exercise behavior among first stroke patients （P＜0.05，P＜0.01）, which explained 51.90% of the total variance. Conclusion The implementation intentions on rehabilitation exercise behavior among first stroke patients is at a moderate level. Nursing staff should pay attention to the assessment and intervention of the implementation intentions on rehabilitation exercise behavior among first stroke patients, so as to help them to form rehabilitation exercise behavior and promote their recovery.