Objective To investigate the congruence and difference in perception and evaluation of nurses′ caring behaviors between neurosurgery inpatients and nurses, in order to provide reference for conducting better humanistic care. Methods A total of 86 inpatients and 92 nurses in neurosurgery department were selected, who were then investigated utilizing the Caring Behaviors Inventory-24. Results The overall scores of inpatients and nurses on nurses′ humanistic care were high (4.77±0.84 vs 4.86±0.60), and there was no significant difference between the scores (P>0.05), while both parties scored low in the subscale of "respecting patients" and "contacting patients". In the subscale of "support and assurance", patients′ perception of humanistic care scored significantly lower than that of nurses′ self-assessment (P<0.01). Conclusion Both nurses and inpatients have a good evaluation of nurses′ caring behavior, and it demonstrates a high degree of consistency in their overall perception of nurses′ caring behavior. However, nurses′ psychological care for patients is relatively insufficient, and patients have high expectations on nurses in terms of "support and assurance". Thus, it is necessary to further improve humanistic care quality.