Objective To explore the current situation and influencing factors of muscle attenuation syndrome （MAS） in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and to establish a risk assessment model. Methods Totally, 225 COPD patients were recruited , surveyed and subjected to physical measurement of skeletal muscle mass, strength and motor function. The distribution of MAS stages, and the distribution of each MAS component in patients with different characteristics were described and compared. Then risk assessment models were built based on multivariate Logistic regression analysis, and a nomogram of the model was drawn. The area (AUC) under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve was used to verify each diagnosis model. Results The proportion of COPD patients in prophase, attenuation and severe attenuation stages of MAS were 44.00%, 13.78% and 5.33%, respectively. Among the three MAS components, the muscle mass reduction had the largest share of 63.11%. Based on multivariate Logistic regression analysis, the three MAS components (muscle mass, muscle strength, motor function) shared common risk factors:less dietary protein per day, mild and moderate physical activity level, and COPD stage of C and D. The AUC values of daily dietary protein, physical activity level and COPD stages for three MAS components were 0.954, 0.917 and 0.860, respectively. Conclusion Daily dietary protein intake, COPD stages, and physical activity level of COPD patients are closely related to MAS. We should take precise evaluation and comprehensive intervention to effectively prevent and delay the occurrence and development of MAS, so as to improve the health level of COPD patients.