Objective To describe the status quo and determinants of esophageal speech rehabilitation following total laryngectomy, and to provide reference for targeted intervention. Methods Ninety-three patients undergoing total laryngectomy were investigated using questionnaires in terms of their speech rehabilitation. Results The sample scored 43.48±10.34 on voice rehabilitation. Signi-ficant differences were found in voice rehabilitation scores among patients with different monthly family income, receiving surgery at different grade of hospitals, with different operation duration and voice rehabilitation duration, and having smoking habit or not (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Voice rehabilitation duration was a main factor affecting voice rehabilitation （P＜0.01）. Conclusion The le-vel of esophageal speech rehabilitation needs to be improved in patients undergoing total laryngectomy. Esophageal speech rehabilitation should be performed longer than one year to improve training effect and quality of life of laryngectomees.