Objective To analyze psychological resilience and influencing factors of nursing students from colleges and universities. Methods Totally, 5 582 nursing students from 29 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities in mainland China were investigated with a general questionnaire and the Chinese version of Connor Davidson Resilience Scale 10. Results The score of resilience was (33.35±6.80). Univariate analysis showed that nursing students′ psychological resilience varied significantly by regions, genders, college years, whether being the only child, whether being a student leader, whether having clinical internship experience, whether having attended emergency response and psychological crisis training courses（P＜0.05,P<0.01）. Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that such factors as gender, whether being the only child, whether being a student leader, whether having clinical internship experience, and whether having attended emergency response and psychological crisis training courses were associated with nursing students′ psychological resilience（P<0.05, P<0.01）. Conclusion Psychological resilience of nursing students was at a moderate level, which needs to be improved.Nursing educators should carry out specific intervention tailored to the characteristics of nursing students′ psychological resilience, so as to improve coping and social adaptation ability, and physical and mental health of nursing students.