Objective To investigate the effect of olfactory training on olfactory function in patients after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery. Methods Totally, 79 patients hospitalized for transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery were divided into 2 groups per chronological order of admission dates. The control group (n=40) was given routine postoperative nursing care, while the intervention group(n=39) additionally received olfactory training for 6 months after operation. The differences in olfactory perception threshold, olfactory recognition threshold, olfactory recovery degree between the two groups were compared at 1,3 and 6 months after operation. Results The olfactory perception threshold values measured at 1,3 and 6 months after operation in the intervention group were lower than those in the control group, though the differences were not significant between the two groups (P>0.05 for all). The olfactory recognition threshold values, olfactory function recovery degree measured at 1,3 and 6 months after operation were better than the controls of the same time (P<0.05，P<0.01). Conclusion Olfactory training is a safe and effective measure which could improve the olfactory recognition threshold and promote early recovery of olfactory function of patients after transsphenoidal pituitary adenoma surgery.