Objective To construct and practice a prevention and nursing scheme for periprosthetic joint infection, and to reduce the incidence of periprosthetic infection in hip and knee prostheses.Methods A multidisplinary team was established to construct a prevention and nursing scheme for periprosthetic joint infection according to relevant diagnostic guidelines, which included preoperative screening and de-colonization of Staphylococcus aureus, selection of skin preparation apparatus and optimization of skin preparation process, intraoperative surgical environment and implant management, wound irrigation and temperature control, hemostasis and blood transfusion management, postoperative drainage tube indwelling, clamping time control and wound early warning management. A total of 477 patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasties were divided into a control group (n=226) and an intervention group (n=251) chronologically, the control group was given routine perioperative nursing, while the intervention group additionally received the prevention and nursing scheme for periprosthetic joint infection. Results The incidence of periprosthetic infection in hip and knee prostheses of the intervention group and the control group was 0.40% and 1.77%, the length of hospitalization was (11.86±5.58) d and (12.20±6.85) d for the two groups, there weren't significant differences between the two groups (P>0.05 for both) . The pain index of walking training 1－7 days after the operation in the intervention group was (2.72±0.99) points, which was (3.59±1.38) points in the control group, there was significant difference between the two groups (P＜0.01).Conclusion Construction of the preventive nursing scheme for periprosthetic joint infections integrates a number of nursing coping strategies and continuous quality improvement projects, thus it can reduce the incidence of postoperative infection, and alleviate the pain degree in postoperative walking training.