Objective To develop a care protocol for patients with short-term indwelling urinary catheter in department of urology based on the best clinical practice guidelines and to validate its safety and effectiveness. Methods Literature regarding urinary catheter care were retrieved and evaluated, then 14 audit criteria were formulated. Through baseline survey and analysis of barriers, targeted intervention measures were implemented. Results After implementation of the evidence, the length of indwelling urinary cat-heter and hospital stay in patients with renal cell carcinoma were significantly shortened （P＜0.01 for both）. The length of hospital stay in patients with renal/ureteral calculi was also significantly shortened （P＜0.05）. The incidence rates of catheter-related urinary tract infection, falls and re-catheterization were 0. Nurses′ compliance with catheter securement, glove change before providing care for different patients, correct collection of urine specimen, placement of urine drainage bag at right position and pouring out in time, catheter cleansing and early removal were significantly improved （P＜0.01 for all）. Nurses′ knowledge of urinary catheter care was also significantly increased (P＜0.01). Meanwhile, urinary catheter care protocol would be revised and updated. Conclusion Implementation of evidence-based care protocol for short-term urinary catheterization could shorten the length of indwelling urinary catheter and hospitalization, enhance nurses′ compliance, and standardize nurses′ behavior.