Objective To explore the level of distress and influencing factors of psychological rigidity in breast cancer patients during postoperative chemotherapy. Methods Totally, 204 breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy after the surgery were invited to fill out a battery of questionnaires including the Distress Thermometer （DT）, Cognitive Fusion Questionnaire （CFQ）, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire （AAQ-II）, and Mindful Attention Awareness Scale （MAAS）. Results The total DT score was （4.80±1.04）, with the positive rate of distress being 97.1%.Multiple linear regression analysis showed that empirical avoidance, cognitive fusion and marital status were predictors of distress (P＜0.05,P＜0.01). Conclusion Distress of breast cancer patients in pos-toperative chemotherapy is at high level and is affected by empirical avoidance, cognitive fusion and marital status. Measures targeted to reducing empirical avoidance and cognitive fusion can ameliorate distress of patients.